Desafios terapêuticos da mucosite oral em oncopediatria / Therapeutic challenges of oral mucositis in pediatric oncology

O Neuroblastoma (NB) é uma neoplasia do sistema nervoso simpático, e o segundo tumor sólido maligno extracraniano mais comum da infância. Na terapia antineoplásica, complicações orais podem ser observadas, dentre elas a mucosite oral (MO). Trata-se de uma inflamação aguda da mucosa, proveniente da toxicidade dos quimioterápicos. Este relato de caso enfatiza o manejo da MO, bem como sua influência na condição sistêmica e qualidade de vida. Paciente do sexo feminino, nove anos, apresentou recidiva de NB metastático, após tratamento de primeira linha. Admitida na unidade hospitalar para tratamento oncológico na enfermaria de pediatria oncológica, queixando-se de dor intensa em cavidade bucal e orofaringe, associada a pancitopenia severa febril. Ao exame físico apresentava disfagia e déficit ponderal grave, que debilitava a deglutição da própria saliva. O exame intraoral revelou lesões de MO grau 3, segundo a Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS), em lábios, gengiva anterior e orofaringe. O tratamento consistiu em remoção de debris local, higiene da cavidade bucal com clorexidina 0,12% e utilizando haste flexível de algodão estéril tipo "Swab", visando controle microbiano local, diariamente. Além disso, foi aplicado no leito eritematoso e hemorrágico fotobiomodulação (660 nm, 50 mW, 2 J/cm2, 90 segundos) pontualmente nas áreas do leito da lesão e em varredura na região de orofaringe (sessões intercaladas). Foi prescrito acetato de racealfatocoferol (vitamina E) para ação antioxidante e hidratação dos lábios. Concomitante a mucosite, a paciente apresentou pancitopenia febril severa, sendo necessário uso de cefepima 150 mg/kg/dia, com coleta prévia de hemoculturas, fator estimulador de colônias de granulócitos, Fluconazol, hidratação e suporte nutricional. As hemoculturas foram negativas. As consequências da mucosite contribuíram para desnutrição e piora da qualidade de vida. Conclui-se que a intervenção odontológica em interdisciplinaridade, possibilitou o restabelecimento físico e emocional, possibilitando melhor uma qualidade de vida da paciente (AU).

Neuroblastoma (NB) is a neoplasia of the sympathetic nervous system and the second most common extracranial malignant solid tumor in childhood. In antineoplastic therapy, oral complications can be observed in antineoplastic therapy, among them oral mucositis (OM). It is an acute mucosa inflammation resulting from the toxicity of chemotherapy drugs. This case report emphasizes the management of OM and its influence on the systemic condition and quality of life. A female patient, nine years old, presented a recurrence of metastatic NB after first-line treatment. She was admitted to the hospital unit for oncological therapy in the pediatric oncology ward, complaining of severe pain in the oral cavity and oropharynx associated with severe febrile pancytopenia. On physical examination, she presented dysphagia and severe weight deficit, which weakened the swallowing of her saliva. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the intraoral exam revealed third-grade OM lesions on the lips, anterior gum, and oropharynx. Treatment consisted of removing local debris, cleaning the oral cavity with 0.12% chlorhexidine, and using a flexible, sterile cotton swab, aiming for daily local microbial control. In addition, photobiomodulation (660 nm, 50 mW, 2 J/cm2, 90 seconds) was applied to the erythematous and hemorrhagic bed, punctually in the areas of the lesion and sweeps in the oropharynx region (interspersed sessions). Racealphatocopherol acetate (vitamin E) was prescribed for antioxidant action and lip hydration. Concomitant with mucositis, the patient had severe febrile pancytopenia, requiring cefepime 150 mg/kg/day, with previous collection of blood cultures, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, fluconazole, hydration, and nutritional support. Blood cultures were negative. The consequences of mucositis contributed to malnutrition and worsened quality of life. It is concluded that the interdisciplinary dental intervention enabled physical and emotional restoration, enabling a better quality of life for the patient (AU).

Distribution and Drug Resistance of Pathogens in Oral Mucositis Associated with Chemotherapy in Patients with Malignant Hematopathy / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the distribution and drug resistance of pathogens in oral mucositis associated with chemotherapy in hospitalized patients with malignant hematopathy, so as to provide scientific evidences for rational selection of antibiotics and infection prevention and control.@*METHODS@#From July 2020 to June 2022, 167 patients with malignant hematopathy were treated with chemical drugs in the Department of Hematology, Hainan Hospital, and secretions from oral mucosal infected wounds were collected. VITEK2 COMPECT automatic microbial identification system (BioMerieux, France) and bacterial susceptibility card (BioMerieux) were used for bacterial identification and drug susceptibility tests.@*RESULTS@#A total of 352 strains of pathogens were isolated from 167 patients, among which 220 strains of Gram-positive bacteria, 118 strains of Gram-negative bacteria and 14 strains of fungi, accounted for 62.50%, 33.52% and 3.98%, respectively. The Gram-positive bacteria was mainly Staphylococcus and Streptococcus, while Gram-negative bacteria was mainly Klebsiella and Proteus. The resistance of main Gram-positive bacteria to vancomycin, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin was low, and the resistance to penicillin, cefuroxime, ampicillin, cefotaxime, erythromycin and levofloxacin was high. The main Gram-negative bacteria had low resistance to gentamicin, imipenem and penicillin, but high resistance to levofloxacin, cefotaxime, cefuroxime, ampicillin and vancomycin. The clinical data of oral mucositis patients with oral ulcer (severe) and without oral ulcer (mild) were compared, and it was found that there were statistically significant differences in poor oral hygiene, diabetes, sleep duration less than 8 hours per night between two groups (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Gram-positive bacteria is the main pathogen of oral mucositis in patients with malignant hematopathy after chemotherapy. It is sensitive to glycopeptide antibiotics and aminoglycosides antibiotics. Poor oral hygiene, diabetes and sleep duration less than 8 hours per night are risk factors for oral mucositis with oral ulcer (severe).

Occurrence and Severity of Oral Mucositis in Brazilian Pediatric Cancer Patients

Abstract Objective: To determine the occurrence and severity of oral mucositis (OM) and the factors associated with the onset of severe oral mucositis (SOM) in pediatric cancer patients. Material and Methods: This was a longitudinal and prospective study with 85 children and adolescents (aged 0 to 19 years) admitted to the Pediatric Oncology Sector of Napoleão Laureano Hospital between November 2016 and July 2019. The patients' sociodemographic and epidemiological information, as well as hematological and biochemical parameters, were obtained from their medical charts. The oral mucosa of study participants was assessed through the modified Oral Assessment Guide (OAG) at baseline and after the 2nd, 5th and 10th week of antineoplastic treatment. Data were analyzed by Chi-square test to determine the factors associated with the occurrence of SOM (p<0.05). Results: The occurrence of OM was more frequent in the 2nd (60%), 5th (40.9%) and 10th week (43.2%) of antineoplastic treatment. During the follow-up period, SOM was more frequent in the 5th week (34.7%), followed by the 2nd (32.3%) and 10th weeks (29.7%). There was no association between the occurrence of SOM and the patient's age, type of tumor, chemotherapy regimen, and hematological and biochemical parameters. Conclusion: The occurrence of oral mucositis in pediatric cancer patients was significant, especially in the 2nd week of antineoplastic treatment. Severe oral mucositis was more prevalent in the 5th week of treatment and was not associated with any of the study variables.

Mucosite oral por quimioterapia e qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde de mulheres com câncer de mama / Oral mucositis for chemotherapy and health-related quality of life of the women with breast cancer

O câncer de mama é uma doença tanto com impacto na morbimortalidade quanto na qualidade de vida de mulheres no Brasil e no mundo. A modalidade sistêmica mais utilizada para tratá-lo é a quimioterapia, que pretende ou eliminar o tumor ou reduzi-lo para intervenções cirúrgicas conservadoras como parte dos cuidados paliativos. A quimioterapia apresenta eventos adversos associados, entre eles, a mucosite oral. Sua incidência variada e dependente de fatores do próprio paciente ou do tratamento produz consequências importantes físicas, emocionais, sociais, econômicas e para a manutenção do tratamento. Todas essas repercussões afetam a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde de maneira diversificada, visto que este é um fenômeno subjetivo ou multidimensional. Objetivo: avaliar a mucosite oral por quimioterapia e a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde em mulheres com câncer de mama. Método: Trata-se de um estudo de coorte prospectivo, no qual três instrumentos (caracterização das participantes, QLQ-C30 e QLQ-BR23) foram aplicados no início, na metade e fim do tratamento. Concomitantemente, avaliou-se cavidade oral e dados do prontuário. Resultados: entre as 140 participantes prevaleceram mulheres pardas, média de 50, 40 anos (DP = 11,76), em união estável, com média de 2,37 filhos, com média de 8,66 anos de estudo (DP = 4,86), com renda menor de um salário mínimo (58,57%), proveniente de uma fonte de renda fixa, procediam, predominantemente, do Leste Sergipano (68,57%). Entre os comportamentos e hábitos de vida, declararam ser católicas (65,71%); inatividade física (55%), sobrepeso (35%) e obesidade (30%) predominaram, assim como, não-tabagismo (83,59%) e não-etilismo (83,57%). Quanto à clínica e terapêutica, observou-se que iniciaram o tratamento com a média de idade de 50 anos, apresentaram menarca tardia (62,13%), a minoria apresentou outra comorbidade, a maioria realizou tratamento em instituição pública, prevaleceram Carcinoma Ductal Invasivo (86%), estadios IIb e IIIa (25% ambos), Luminal B (38,5%), tratamento neoadjuvante (61%), esquema com adriamicina, ciclofosfamida e paclitaxel (44%). Sobre as condições orais, na amostra houve oscilação na integridade da gengiva, lábios, mucosa oral, aspecto da língua, xerostomia, hábitos de higiene. Na avaliação da mucosite oral, a incidência total durante o estudo foi de 85,71%, entre os momentos, predominou grau I (Momento 2 40% e Momento 3 42,1%) e a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde geral entre o Momento 1 e 2 houve uma redução de 0,27% na média, e de 6,88% entre o Momento 2 e 3. Durante o estudo, os domínios e sintomas apresentaram oscilações apenas entre o, Momento 2 e 3. A associação entre mucosite oral e qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde foi inversa (ß = - 13,44) pelo modelo de regressão linear múltipla. Conclusão: Os desfechos observados sugerem que as mulheres apresentaram semelhanças quanto aos aspectos clínicos e terapêuticos e diferenças quanto aos aspectos sociodemográficos. A incidência da mucosite oral foi maior e divergente quanto ao grau de severidade do que relatado na literatura. A qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde piorou ao longo do acompanhamento terapêutico

Breast cancer is a disease that impacts morbidity mortality as well as the quality of life of women in Brazil and worldwide. The most widely used systemic modality to treat it is chemotherapy, which aims to either eliminate the tumor or shrink it for conservative surgery or as part of palliative care. Chemotherapy has adverse events associated, among them, oral mucositis. Its incidence is varied and dependent on the patient's or treatment factors and it produces important physical, emotional, social and economic consequences as well as for the maintenance of the treatment. All these repercussions affect health-related quality of life in a diversified manner, as this is a subjective or multidimensional phenomenon. Objective: To evaluate chemotherapy oral mucositis and HRQoL in women with breast cancer. Method: This was a prospective cohort study, in which three instruments (participant characterization, QLQ-C30 and QLQ-BR23) were applied at the beginning, middle and at the end of treatment. Concomitantly, the oral cavity and medical record data were evaluated. Results: with 140 participants. In the sample, brown-skinned women prevailed, an average of 50.40 years old (SD = 11.76), they were in a stable relationship, with an average of 2.37 children, with an average of 8.66 years of schooling (SD = 4.86), with an income lower than one minimum wage (58.57%), coming from a fixed income source, they came predominantly from Eastern Sergipe (68.57%). Among the behaviors and lifestyle habits, they declared to be Catholic (65.71%); the physical inactivity (55%), overweight (35%) and obesity (30%) predominated, as well as, non-smoking (83.59%) and non-alcoholism (83.57%). Regarding clinical and therapeutic, it was observed that they started treatment with a mean age of 50 years old, presented late menarche (62.13%), the minority had another comorbidity, most of them were treated in a public institution, prevailed Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (86%), stages IIb and IIIa (25% both), Luminal B (38.5%), neoadjuvant treatment (61%), whit Adriamycin, cyclophosphamide and paclitaxel (44%). Regarding oral conditions, in the sample, we had in the sample oscillation in the integrity of the gum, lips, oral mucosa, tongue aspect, xerostomia, and hygiene habits. In the evaluation of oral mucositis, the total incidence during the study was 85.71%, between the moments, grade I predominated (Moment 2 40% and Moment 3 42.1%) and the general health-related quality of life between Moment 1 and 2 there was a 0.27% reduction in average, and 6.88% between Moment 2 and 3. During the study, domains and symptoms fluctuated only between Moment 2 and 3. The association between oral mucositis and HRQoL was inverse (ß = - 13.44) by the multiple linear regression model. Conclusion: The observed outcomes suggest that the women had similarities in clinical and therapeutic aspects and differences in sociodemographic aspects. The incidence of oral mucositis was higher and divergent regarding the degree of severity than what was reported in the literature. Health-related quality of life worsened during follow-u

Evaluación longitudinal de la mucositis oral en el trasplante de células madre hematopoyéticas: un estudio piloto / Longitudinal evaluation of oral mucositis in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a pilot study

Resumen Objetivo: Describir la incidencia y el puntaje de la mucositis oral (MO) y las morbilidades relacionadas en individuos sometidos a trasplante de células madre hematopoyéticas (TCMH) a lo largo del período de inmunosupresión. Métodos: Los sujetos con enfermedades onco / hematológicas, mayores de 14 años, sometidos a TCMH alogénico fueron evaluados diariamente por la presencia y clasificación de OM, nivel de dolor, disfagia, disgeusia y xerostomía. El examen comenzó dos días antes de la infusión de células madre hematopoyéticas y finalizó veinte días después. La OM se clasificó de acuerdo con la escala de la OMS y se utilizó la escala analógica visual (EVA) para medir el nivel de dolor. Resultados: Se reclutaron 23 individuos, el 83% con enfermedades malignas y el 91% con OM. La mediana del grado máximo de OM fue 3 y el nivel máximo de dolor fue 9. Hubo una mediana de 11 días de uso de medicación opioide. Los sujetos que tuvieron el mayor número de días con dolor en la boca alcanzaron el grado máximo de OM y el mayor número de días y el uso de opioides. Conclusión: Hubo una alta incidencia y puntuaciones más altas de OM, pérdida de masa corporal y dolor en esta muestra.

Abstract Aim: To describe the oral mucositis (OM)` incidence and score, and related morbidities in individuals submitted to Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) throughout the immunosuppression period of time. Methods: Subjects with onco / hematological diseases, older than 14 years, submitted to allogeneic HSCT were daily evaluated by the presence and classification of OM, pain level, dysphagia, dysgeusia and xerostomia. The examination started two days before the infusion of hematopoietic stem cells and ended twenty days later. The OM was classified according to the WHO scale and visual analog scale (VAS) was used to measure pain level. Results: Twenty-three individuals were recruted, 83% with malignant diseases and 91% had OM. The median of maximum OM degree was 3 and the maximum pain level was 9. There was a median of 11 days of opioid medication use. The subjects who had the highest mean number of days with mouth pain reached the maximum degree of OM and higher number of days and opiod use. Conclusion: There was a high incidence and high scores of OM, loss of body mass and pain in this sample.

Curcumina, una alternativa térapéutica para la clínica dental. Parte: antiinflamatorio y analgésico / Curcumin, a therapeutic alternative for the dental clinic (Part I):An anti-inflammatory and analgesic

La curcumina es una sustancia derivada de una planta llamada Curcuma longa. A esta sustancia se le han atribuido diversos efectos terapéuticos. En relación con la clínica dental, se ha observado que, además de ayudaren el control del dolor, ha sido efectiva contra la periodontitis, estomatitis y mucositis pediátrica. El control del dolor e inflamación son aspectos muy importantes para la mayoría de los tratamientos en odontología; la búsqueda de nuevas alternativas analgésicas y antiinflamatorias que, en comparación con las actuales, sean más eficientes, efectivas y tengan menos efectos colaterales es uno de los grandes retos de las ciencias biomédicas. La presente revisión muestra algunas evidencias científicas de los efectos de la curcumina como un antiinflamatorio y analgésico, con el propósito de sentar las bases para futuros estudios clínicos y de ciencia básica que aporten un mayor entendimiento de los procesos celulares, bioquímicos, moleculares, fisiológicos y farmacológicos de la curcumina como una sustancia potencialmente útilen el consultorio dental.

Curcumin is a substance derived from the plant Curcuma longa andone that has been attributed a range of therapeutic eff ects. In dentalpractice, curcumin has not only been found to help with pain control, buthas also been eff ective against periodontitis, stomatitis, and pediatricmucositis. Controlling pain and infl ammation are both very importantaspects of most dental treatments. The search for more effi cient andeff ective analgesic and anti-infl ammatory alternatives with fewerside eff ects compared to those currently used is one of the greatestchallenges for biomedical science. This review presents some of thescientifi c evidence of the eff ects of curcumin, both as an analgesic andan anti-infl ammatory agent, in order to establish the foundations forfurther clinical and basic science studies that will provide a greaterunderstanding of the cellular, biochemical, molecular, physiological,and pharmacological processes of curcumin as a potentially usefulsubstance in dental practice.

The effect of hippophae rhamnoides extract on oral mucositis induced in rats with methotrexate

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the effect of HRE (Hippophae rhamnoides extract) on oral mucositis induced in rats with MTX. Material and Methods: Experimental animals were divided into groups as healthy (HG), HRE+MTX (HMTX), and control group, which received MTX (MTXC). HMTX group received 50 mg/kg HRE while MTXC and HG groups received equivolume distilled water with gavage once a day. After one hour of HRE and distilled water administration, HMTX and MTXC groups received a single dose of oral MTX 5 mg/ kg. This procedure was repeated for one month. Results: The levels of MDA, IL-1β, and TNF-α were found to be significantly higher in the cheek, lower lip, and tongue tissue of the animals receiving MTX, compared with HG and HMTX groups; however, these parameters were lower in the cheek and low lip tissue, and a milder damage ocurred in these tissues, compared with the tongue tissue in MTXC group. No histopathologic damage was observed in the cheek, lower lip, and tongue tissues of the rats treated with HRE. Conclusion: This findings indicate that HRE as a natural product is an important advantage compared with synthetic drugs for prophylaxis of oral mucositis developed due to MTX.

Terapia de laser de baja potencia en mucositis oral / Low-power laser therapy in oral mucositis

La mucositis oral es una complicación frecuente del tratamiento antineoplásico, producto de efectos citotóxicos por la quimioterapia y radioterapia de cabeza y cuello, dependiendo de su severidad puede dificultar el habla, la deglución y predispone al paciente a deficiencias nutricionales, infecciones secundarias, sepsis grave, provocando alta morbilidad del paciente. La mayoría de investigadores concluyen que la terapia Laser de baja potencia es una alternativa de primera elección para la prevención y tratamiento de mucositis oral, comprobado en diversos estudios que estimula la producción de colágeno, elastina , proteoglicanos, la revascularización, entre otras propiedades que aceleran el proceso de cicatrización, además del efecto antiinflamatorio por inhibición de la COX- 2 así como no presentar efectos colaterales significativos, técnica atraumática y de costo bajo...

Oral mucositis is a common complication of cancer treatment, due to cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy for head and neck, depending on its severity may hinder speech, swallowing and predisposes the patient to nutritional deficiencies, secondary infections, severe sepsis, causing high morbidity of the patient. Most researchers conclude that low-power laser therapy is an alternative of choice for the prevention and treatment of oral mucositis, proven in several studies that stimulates production of collagen, elastin, proteoglycans, revascularization, among other properties that accelerate the healing process, besides the anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting COX-2 and not present significant side effects, atraumatic and inexpensive...

Manifestações bucais em pacientes submetidos a tratamento quimioterápico / Manifestaciones orales en pacientes sometidos a quimioterapia / Oral manifestations in patients undergoing chemotherapy

Introdução: a quimioterapia é um tratamento anticâncer fundamentado na utilização de fármacos que induzem a morte das células neoplásicas. A literatura descreve que lesões bucais podem surgir em consequência do tratamento quimioterápico. Objetivo: identificar as manifestações bucais em pacientes submetidos à quimioterapia atendidos no serviço de referencia em oncologia da região sul do estado do Ceará-Brasil. Métodos: o presente estudo, do tipo transversal descritivo, avaliou 73 pacientes acometidos por algum tipo de neoplasia maligna e em tratamento quimioterápico no período de janeiro de 2013 a dezembro de 2014. Os dados clinico-patológicos como idade, gênero, diagnóstico da neoplasia maligna, tipos de tratamentos anticâncer, esquema medicamentoso quimioterápico, entre outros, foram obtidos a partir dos prontuários médicos. Foram ainda realizados exames intrabucais em todos os indivíduos desse estudo por um único examinador especialista em Estomatologia. Resultados: dos 73 pacientes 29 (39,7 porcento) eram do gênero masculino e 44 (60,3 porcento) do gênero feminino, com idade média de 57,7 anos, sendo 37 (50,7 porcento) dos pacientes fumantes. A mama foi o local mais prevalente de acometimento do câncer (35,6 porcento). Os fármacos mais utilizados na terapia quimioterápica foram a aredia em 23,3 porcento dos casos (n= 17) e o paclitaxel em 17,8 porcento (n= 13). Em relação às manifestações bucais, dos 73 pacientes do estudo, 44 (60,2 porcento) apresentaram algum tipo de desconforto bucal. A maioria dos pacientes, 77,3 porcento (n= 34), foram diagnosticados com xerostomia e em 22,7 porcento (n= 10) foram observados mucosite. Conclusão: as manifestações bucais encontradas em pacientes em tratamento quimioterápico foram a xerostomia e a mucosite, sendo a xerostomia a condição patológica bucal mais prevalente(AU)

Introducción: la quimioterapia es un tratamiento basado en el uso de fármacos anticancerígenos que inducen la muerte de las células cancerosas. La literatura describe lesiones bucales pueden surgir como resultado de la quimioterapia. Objetivo: identificar las manifestaciones bucales en pacientes sometidos a quimioterapia atendidos en el servicio de referencia en oncología en Estado del Ceará-Brasil. Métodos: se evaluaron 73 pacientes afectados por algún tipo de malignidad tratada con quimioterapia a partir de enero de 2013 hasta el mes de diciembre del 2014. Los datos clínicos y patológicos (edad, sexo, diagnóstico de malignidad, tipos de tratamientos con fármacos de quimioterapia contra el cáncer, entre otros), se obtuvieron de los registros médicos. También se realizaron exámenes bucales en todos los sujetos de este estudio por el experto en estomatología. Resultados: de los 73 pacientes 29 (39,7 por ciento) eran hombres y 44 (60,3 por ciento) mujeres, con una edad media de 57,7 años, y 37 (50,7 por ciento) eran fumadores. La mayor prevalencia del cáncer se observó en la mama (35,6 por ciento). Los fármacos más frecuentemente utilizados en el tratamiento de quimioterapia fueron aredia en 23,3 por ciento de los casos (n= 17) y paclitaxel en el 17,8 por ciento (n= 13). En relación con las enfermedades bucales, de los 73 pacientes estudiados, 44 (60,2 por ciento) tenían algún tipo de malestar bucal. La mayoría de los pacientes (77,3 por ciento; n= 34) fueron diagnosticados con xerostomía y 22,7 por ciento (n= 10) con mucositis. Conclusión: las lesiones bucales que se encontraron en los pacientes sometidos a quimioterapia fueron a xerostomía y mucositis. La xerostomía fue la condición patológica bucal más frecuente(AU)

Introduction: chemotherapy is a treatment based on the use of anticancer drugs that induce the death of cancer cells. The literature describes oral lesions may arise as a result of chemotherapy. Objective: to identify the oral manifestations in patients undergoing chemotherapy treated at the reference service in oncology southern state of Ceará - Brazil. Methods: we evaluated 73 patients affected by some type of malignancy and chemotherapy from January of 2013 to December of 2014. The clinical and pathological data such as age, gender, diagnosis of malignancy, types of treatments anticancer chemotherapeutic drug treatment, among others,were obtained from medical records. Were also carried out oral examinations in all subjects of this study by the same examiner specialist in stomatology. Results: of the 73 patients 29 (39.7 percent) were male and 44 (60.3 percent) females with a mean age of 57.7 years, and 37 (50.7 percent) of smokers. Regarding malignancy, the mama was the most prevalent location (35.6 %). The drugs most frequently used in chemotherapy treatment were aredia in 23.3 percent of cases (n= 17) and paclitaxel in 17.8 percent (n= 13). In the oral manifestations, of the 73 patients studied, 44 (60.2 percent) had some type of oral discomfort. Most patients, 77.3 percent (n= 34) were diagnosed with xerostomia and 22.7 percent (n= 10) were observed mucositis. Conclusion: oral lesions found in patients undergoing chemotherapy were xerostomia and mucositis. Xerostomia being the most prevalent oral pathological condition(AU)

Glutamina na prevenção e tratamento da mucosite em pacientes adultos oncológicos: uma revisão sistemática da literatura / Glutamine in the prevention and treatment of mucositis in adult cancer patients: a systematic review of literature / La glutamina en la prevención y tratamiento de la mucositis en pacientes adultos con cáncer: una revisión sistemática de la literatura

Introdução: Atualmente, diversos estudos têm avaliado o impacto do uso da glutamina durante o tratamento antineoplásico, pois sua depleção ao longo do tempo pode estar relacionada ao agravamento da mucosite oral e do trato gastrointestinal. Objetivo: O presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão sistemática sobre os conhecimentos disponíveis acerca da utilização da glutamina na prevenção e tratamento da mucosite em pacientes submetidos à radioterapia e/ou quimioterapia. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática da literatura baseada na metodologia do Instituto Cochrane. Foram selecionados ensaios clínicos em indivíduos adultos, publicados entre 2004 e 2014, nas bases de dados da Medline e Lilacs por meio do Pubmed, com os seguintes descritores: glutamina e radioterapia, glutamina e câncer e mucosite, glutamina e quimioterapia, glutamina e mucosite. Após análise prévia, seis artigos foram selecionados de acordo com os critérios estabelecidos. Resultados: Com relação à dose, forma química, tempo de administração do aminoácido e classificação da mucosite, os estudos se mostraram heterogêneos. Quatro, dos seis artigos avaliados, encontraram benefícios ao seu uso. Nenhum estudo encontrou efeitos deletérios, mas não houve avaliação quanto à sobrevida e à progressão de doença. Conclusão: A utilização da glutamina no tratamento oncológico pode ser uma opção viável, principalmente com relação à prevenção de graus mais graves de mucosite. Mais ensaios clínicos em humanos são necessários, para que seja estabelecida uma dosagem segura de utilização, bem como estudos que avaliem o impacto na resposta ao tratamento e na sobrevida dos indivíduos.

Introduction: Currently, several studies have evaluated the impact of the use of glutamine during anti-cancer treatment because its depletion over time may be related to the aggravation of oral mucositis and of the gastrointestinal tract. Objective: This study aimed to perform a systematic review on the knowledge available in the literature about the use of glutamine in the prevention and treatment of mucositis in patients undergoing radiotherapy and chemoterapy. Method: Human clinical trials published between 2004 and 2014 were selected in the databases indexed in PubMed / Medline and Lilacs, with the following keywords: glutamine and radiotherapy, glutamine and cancer and mucositis, glutamine and chemotherapy, glutamine and mucositis. After preliminary analysis, six articles were selected according to the established eligibility criteria. Results: Regarding the dose, chemical form, amino acid administration time and classification of mucositis, studies have been heterogeneous. Four of the six reviewed articles found benefits to its use. No study found deleterious effects, but there was no evaluation as to the survival and progression of the disease. Conclusion: The use of glutamine in cancer treatment may be a viable option, especially with respect to the prevention of more serious degrees of mucositis. More clinical trials in humans are needed for a safe dosage if use is established, as well as studies to assess the impact on treatment response and survival of individuals.

Introducción: En la actualidad, varios estudios han evaluado el impacto de la utilización de glutamina durante el tratamiento contra el cáncer debido a su disminución a lo largo del tiempo puede estar relacionada con el empeoramiento de la mucositis oral y del tracto gastrointestinal. Objetivo: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo realizar una revisión sistemática de los conocimientos disponibles en la literatura sobre el uso de la glutamina en la prevención y tratamiento de la mucositis en pacientes sometidos a radioterapia y/o quimioterapia. Método: Se trata de una revisión sistemática de la literatura basada en la metodología del Instituto de Cochrane. Se seleccionaron los ensayos clínicos en adultos publicados entre 2004 y 2014 en las bases de datos indexadas en PubMed / Medline y Lilacs, con las siguientes palabras clave: glutamina y la radiación, la glutamina y el cáncer y mucositis, glutamina y quimioterapia, glutamina y mucositis. Después de un análisis preliminar, se seleccionaron seis artículos, de acuerdo con los criterios de elegibilidad establecidos. Resultados: En cuanto a la dosis, la forma química, amino ácido y tiempo de administración clasificación de la mucositis, los estudios se muestran heterogéneos, cuatro de los seis artículos revisados encontraron beneficios de su uso. Ningún estudio encontró efectos deletéreos, pero no había ninguna evaluación en cuanto a la progresión de la supervivencia y la enfermedad. Conclusión: El uso de la glutamina en el tratamiento del cáncer puede ser una opción viable, especialmente con respecto a la prevención de grados más graves de la mucositis. Se necesitan más ensayos clínicos en humanos para que se establezca una dosis segura de uso, así como los estudios para evaluar el impacto en la respuesta al tratamiento y la supervivencia de los individuos.

Análise da ação do gel de plaquetas e glutamina em mucosite causada por quimioterapia induzida em ratos Wistar / Analysis of Platelet Gel Action and Glutamine in Mucositis caused by chemotherapy induced in Wistar Rats

Neste estudo avaliou-se a ação do gel de Plaquetas e da Glutamina no processo de cicatrização de lesões bucais causadas por mucosite induzida por quimioterapia em ratos Wistar. Foram utilizados 50 animais divididos em 05 grupos: um Grupo A (Gel de Plaquetas), Grupo B (Glutamina tópica), Grupo C (Glutamina gavagem), Grupo D (Glutamina + Gel de plaquetas) e Grupo E (controle +). A partir do 7o dia após a quimioterapia, avaliou-se os graus de mucosite e iniciou-se a aplicação dos medicamentos propostos para cada grupo. O sacrifício dos animais ocorreu em 5 e 10 dias após o início de aplicação dos medicamentos. Foram realizadas as biópsias da mucosa jugal e língua para análise do exame histopatológico onde se avaliou a quantidade de macrófagos, linfócitos e queratinização. Os graus de mucosite desenvolvidos na 1a e 2a fase do experimento apresentaram variação numérica importante, mas sem diferenças estatísticas significantes. Na análise histológica, resultados estatisticamente significativos foram obtidos (Fase 1) para linfócitos em mucosa jugal, onde o grupo B (glutamina) foi maior que o do grupo D (gel de plaquetas + glutamina) (p = 0,032); os linfócitos em língua do grupo A (gel de plaquetas) (p = 0,000) foi superior quando comparado com todos os outros grupos. A queratinização em mucosa jugal no grupo D (Fase 1) apresentou resultados significativamente superiores quando comparada com a queratinização dos demais grupos. A queratinização em língua no grupo D apresentou diferenças estatisticamente significantes (p = 0,000) e maior em relação aos outros grupos. Na fase 2, os macrófagos em língua tiveram resultados significantes entre os grupos A e C (p = 0,031) e A e E (p = 0,006), onde A foi maior. Diante dos resultados encontrados, concluiu-se que os biocurativos utilizados neste estudo promoveram uma maior reação inflamatória no conjuntivo e maior queratinização no epitélio. Entretanto, clinicamente, nas lesões observadas, o tempo de cicatrização foi...

Among bio-curatives there are those derived from the addition "in vitro" of thrombin and calcium gluconate to the platelet rich human plasma that stimulate its degranulation to releasing of growth factors acting on the healing process. Glutamine is the amino acid present in plasma and muscle tissue being considered an important energetic source for the immune system cells. Mucositis is a denomination for the changes that occur in the oral mucosa, mainly due to the cancer treatments. In this study, the action of platelet gel and Glutamine was evaluated in the oral lesions healing process caused by mucositis induced by chemotherapy in Wistar rats. 50 animals divided into 05 groups were used: A Group (Platelet Gel), B Group (Topical glutamine), C Group (Glutamine gavage), D Group (Glutamine + Platelet Gel) and E Group (control +). From the 7th day after chemotherapy, the degree of mucositis was evaluated and the proposed drug application began for each group. The animal sacrifice occurred within 5 to 10 days after the medicine application beginning. Jugal and tongue mucosa biopsies for histopathological examination analysis were carried out which evaluated the macrophages amount, lymphocytes and keratinization. The mucositis degrees developed in the 1st and 2nd phase of the experiment showed important numerical variation, but without meaningful statistical differences. In the histological analysis, statistically meaningful results were obtained (Phase 1) for lymphocytes in the jugal mucosa where the B group (glutamine) was higher than D group (platelet gel + glutamine) (p = 0,032); lymphocytes in tongue in A group (platelet gel) (p = 0,000) was higher when compared to all other groups. Keratinization in the jugal mucosa in D group (Phase 1), showed meaningfully superior results when compared to the keratinization of the other groups. The Keratinization in tongue in D group showed meaningful statistical differences (p = 0,000) and higher compared to the other...

Análise da ação do gel de plaquetas e glutamina em mucosite causada por quimioterapia induzida em ratos Wistar / Analysis of Platelet Gel Action and Glutamine in Mucositis caused by chemotherapy induced in Wistar Rats

Neste estudo avaliou-se a ação do gel de Plaquetas e da Glutamina no processo de cicatrização de lesões bucais causadas por mucosite induzida por quimioterapia em ratos Wistar. Foram utilizados 50 animais divididos em 05 grupos: um Grupo A (Gel de Plaquetas), Grupo B (Glutamina tópica), Grupo C (Glutamina gavagem), Grupo D (Glutamina + Gel de plaquetas) e Grupo E (controle +). A partir do 7o dia após a quimioterapia, avaliou-se os graus de mucosite e iniciou-se a aplicação dos medicamentos propostos para cada grupo. O sacrifício dos animais ocorreu em 5 e 10 dias após o início de aplicação dos medicamentos. Foram realizadas as biópsias da mucosa jugal e língua para análise do exame histopatológico onde se avaliou a quantidade de macrófagos, linfócitos e queratinização. Os graus de mucosite desenvolvidos na 1a e 2a fase do experimento apresentaram variação numérica importante, mas sem diferenças estatísticas significantes. Na análise histológica, resultados estatisticamente significativos foram obtidos (Fase 1) para linfócitos em mucosa jugal, onde o grupo B (glutamina) foi maior que o do grupo D (gel de plaquetas + glutamina) (p = 0,032); os linfócitos em língua do grupo A (gel de plaquetas) (p = 0,000) foi superior quando comparado com todos os outros grupos. A queratinização em mucosa jugal no grupo D (Fase 1) apresentou resultados significativamente superiores quando comparada com a queratinização dos demais grupos. A queratinização em língua no grupo D apresentou diferenças estatisticamente significantes (p = 0,000) e maior em relação aos outros grupos. Na fase 2, os macrófagos em língua tiveram resultados significantes entre os grupos A e C (p = 0,031) e A e E (p = 0,006), onde A foi maior. Diante dos resultados encontrados, concluiu-se que os biocurativos utilizados neste estudo promoveram uma maior reação inflamatória no conjuntivo e maior queratinização no epitélio. Entretanto, clinicamente, nas lesões observadas, o tempo de cicatrização foi...

Among bio-curatives there are those derived from the addition "in vitro" of thrombin and calcium gluconate to the platelet rich human plasma that stimulate its degranulation to releasing of growth factors acting on the healing process. Glutamine is the amino acid present in plasma and muscle tissue being considered an important energetic source for the immune system cells. Mucositis is a denomination for the changes that occur in the oral mucosa, mainly due to the cancer treatments. In this study, the action of platelet gel and Glutamine was evaluated in the oral lesions healing process caused by mucositis induced by chemotherapy in Wistar rats. 50 animals divided into 05 groups were used: A Group (Platelet Gel), B Group (Topical glutamine), C Group (Glutamine gavage), D Group (Glutamine + Platelet Gel) and E Group (control +). From the 7th day after chemotherapy, the degree of mucositis was evaluated and the proposed drug application began for each group. The animal sacrifice occurred within 5 to 10 days after the medicine application beginning. Jugal and tongue mucosa biopsies for histopathological examination analysis were carried out which evaluated the macrophages amount, lymphocytes and keratinization. The mucositis degrees developed in the 1st and 2nd phase of the experiment showed important numerical variation, but without meaningful statistical differences. In the histological analysis, statistically meaningful results were obtained (Phase 1) for lymphocytes in the jugal mucosa where the B group (glutamine) was higher than D group (platelet gel + glutamine) (p = 0,032); lymphocytes in tongue in A group (platelet gel) (p = 0,000) was higher when compared to all other groups. Keratinization in the jugal mucosa in D group (Phase 1), showed meaningfully superior results when compared to the keratinization of the other groups. The Keratinization in tongue in D group showed meaningful statistical differences (p = 0,000) and higher compared to the other...

Boca seca, mucositis, problemas dentales y del gusto en la alimentación del niño con cáncer / Dry mouth, mucositis, dental problems and taste power in children with cancer

En niños con cáncer, la quimioterapia y la radioterapia de ciertos tumores de cabeza y cuello, reducen la producción de saliva generando sensación de boca seca, ulceraciones bucales y mucositis. Los problemas dentales se resumen en caries, boca seca y endurecimiento de los músculos de la cara. Así mismo, la quimioterapia, la radiación y el cáncer mismo, ocasionan cambios en el sentido del gusto del niño con cáncer. Todos estas circunstancias se reflejan en el bajo consumo de nutrientes y desarrollo a futuro de desnutrición para lo cual es necesario estar alerta y proponer medidas preventivas.

In children with cáncer, chemotherapy and radiotherapy of ceratin tumors of the head and neck, reduce the production of saliva causing dry mouth, mouth ulcers and mucositis. Dental problems of children with cancer are summarized in caries, dry mouth and tightening of the muscles of the face. Likewise, chemotherapy, radiation and the cancer itself, cause changes in taste of the child with cancer. All these circumstances are reflected in the low nutrient intake and future development of malnutrition for which it is necessary to be vigilant and to suggestpreventive measures.

Evaluation of the efficacy of zinc sulfate in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced mucositis: a double-blind randomized clinical trial

Oral mucositis is a serious complication of chemotherapy that results in painful debilitating inflammation, necessitating the administration of analgesics. There is no cure for mucositis. Some studies have evaluated the effect of zinc sulfate on mucositis. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of oral zinc sulfate on prevention of mucositis, xerostomia, and pain induced by chemotherapy. This double-blind, randomized controlled trial was carried out on 50 adult patients who underwent chemotherapy during 2008-2009. Patients were divided in two groups. Patients in the intervention group were administered three, 220 mg zinc sulfate capsules daily until the end of their chemotherapy treatment. Patients in the placebo group received three placebo capsules daily, which were similar in shape, taste, and color to the zinc sulfate capsules. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 17 software, using the independent samples t-test, Mann-Whitney U and Friedman tests. The incidence of grade 3 mucositis was lower in the zinc sulfate group. In the first follow up, grade 3 mucositis was detected in 10% of patients. In the placebo group, grade 3 mucositis was seen in 46.6% of patients. By the fourth follow up, grade 3 mucositis was detected in 3.33% of patients in the intervention group and in 20% of patient in the placebo group. At the end of the study there was no grade 3 mucositis detected in the zinc sulfate group, whereas there were 3.57% of patients in the placebo group with grade 3 mucositis. The results also showed that zinc sulfate decreased the effects of xerostomia and pain in patients under chemotherapy treatment. It can be concluded that zinc sulfate might decrease the intensity of mucositis

Piodermatite-pioestomatite vegetante: relato de caso e revisão de literatura / Pyodermatitis-pyostomatitis vegetans: case report and review of medical literarture

A piodermatite-pioestomatite vegetante é uma rara dermatose inflamatória de etiologia desconhecida, com típico comprometimento mucocutâneo. Relatamos caso de paciente feminina com lesões pustulosas e vesiculosas em axilas, evoluindo com placas vegetantes e pústulas com agrupamento anular. Houve progressão com comprometimento vulvar, inguinal e mucosas oral, nasal e ocular. Proposto o diagnóstico, optou-se por iniciar prednisona 40mg ao dia, com remissão das lesões após um mês de uso da medicação. A associação com doença inflamatória intestinal ocorre em 70 por cento dos casos. A imunofluorescência é um fator que ajuda a caracterizar a doença, sendo tipicamente negativa. A rápida resposta à terapêutica com corticosteroides sistêmicos é esperada.

Pyodermatitis-pyostomatitis vegetans is a rare inflammatory dermatosis of unknown etiology, with a typical mucocutaneous involvement. We report the case of a woman with pustular and vesicular lesions in the axillae, evolving with vegetating plaques and pustules with annular grouping. The disease progressed with vulvar and inguinal involvement as well as involvement of the oral, nasal and ocular mucous membranes. She started the treatment with prednisone (40 mg/day), with remission of the lesions after one month of use of such medication. Association with inflammatory bowel disease occurs in 70 percent of the cases. Immunofluorescence, which is typically negative, helps to characterize the disease. A rapid response to systemic steroids is expected.

comparison between zinc sulfate and chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwashes in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis

Patients undergoing high-dose chemotherapy for hematological malignancies are susceptible to development of oral mucositis, and no effective modality has been reported for its prophylaxis and treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of zinc mouthwash on chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis lesions. In this double-blind randomized trial, patients under chemotherapy for acute leukemia were divided into two test and control groups of 15 patients each. The groups were homogeneous with respect to medical history, tumor characteristics, and therapeutic details. The test group received 10ml 0.2% zinc sulfate mouthwash, and the control group received 10ml 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash, twice a day for a period of two weeks. Spijkervet scale was used to grade the severity of mucositis at every other week during eight weeks. The severity scores were analyzed with repeated measure ANOVA using SPSS 13.0 computer software. Mean severity scores were generally lower in the test group compared to the controls at all four time intervals evaluated; but only, the differences in weeks of 2 and 3 were statistically significant [P=0.025]. Zinc mouthwash used in conjunction with chemotherapy may reduce the severity of oral mucositis lesions in patients with leukaemia

Tratamiento del mucositis en pacientes pediátricos: una revisión de literatura / Oral mucositis treatment in pediatric patients: a literature revision

La mucositis es una de las complicaciones orales frecuentes en la terapia del cáncer, no obstante su tratamiento es controversial. Se ha señalado que la efectividad de algunos agentes depende de la fase de la mucositis en la que se inicia el tratamiento. El propósito de este estudio fue hacer una revisión de la literatura sobre las lesiones tenpranas eritenatosas de mucositis oral inducida por quimioterapia y/o radioterapia en pacientes pediátricos con cancer. Para tanto se realizó una revisión bibliográfica para conocer: frecuencia, diagnóstico y tratamiento de las lesiones tenpranas eritenatosas de mucositis oral en niños con cáncer. Los resultados denostraron que debido a la alta frecuencia de esta patología por ser inducida por quimioterapia en pacientes pediátricos con cáncer se cita la existencia de varios tratamientos, destacándose la utilización de la vitamina E y de laser, pudiendo ser terapias efectivas en el tratamiento de estas lesiones tenpranas de mucositis oral en pacientes pediátricos con cáncer

Mucositis is one of the frequent oral complications in the cancer therapy, however its treatment is controversial. Have been highlighted that the effectiveness of some agents depends on the mucositis development phase when the treatment is started. The purpose of this study was to do a revision on the literature regarding mucositis eritenatosas initial injuries induced by chenotherapy and/or radioteraphy in pediatric patients with cancer. A bibliographic revision was made to know: frequency, diagnosis and treatment for the oral mucositis eritenatosas initial injuries in children with cancer. The results shown that because of the high frequency of this pathology induced by chenotherapy and/or radioteraphy in pediatric patients with cancer, the existence of several treatments is highlighted, the use of vitamin E and laser stands out as an effective therapy for this oral mucositis initial injuries treatment in pediatric patients with cancer

Prevenção e tratamento da mucosite oral / Prevención y tratamiento de la mucositis oral / Prevention and treatment of oral mucositis

Mucosite oral é um dos efeitos indesejáveis que se destaca após terapêutica antineoplásica. Este trabalho buscou identificar evidências sobre ações de prevenção e tratamento para mucosite oral induzida por quimioterapia e/ou radioterapia que subsidiem o cuidado de enfermagem. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, exploratório, quantitativo realizado através de revisão bibliográfica, no período de 1993 a 2007. Consultou-se as bases de dados Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Biblioteca Cochrane e Scientific Electronic Library Online, tendo sido analisados 38 artigos contendo definições, características e cuidados com mucosite oral. Os enfermeiros publicam pouco sobre a temática, apenas 13,1% das publicações encontradas. Verificou-se que a boa manutenção da higiene oral (39,4%) é a forma mais eficaz de prevenção. O tratamento que mais se destaca atualmente é o laser de baixa potência (21,0%), seguindo-se o gluconato de clorexidina a 0,12% (18,4%). A mucosite requer participação ativa do enfermeiro atuando na assistência pré-terapêutica, prevenindo e preparando o paciente através de abordagem individualizada baseada em evidências.

Oral mucositis is one of the undesirable effects standing out after antineoplasia therapy. This paper aimed at identifying evidence on preventive action and treatment for oral mucositis induced by chemotherapy and / or radiotherapy, which can subsidize nursing care. This is a descriptive, exploratory, quantitative study carried out on the basis of a bibliographic review from 1993 to 2007 on the basis of Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Cochrane Library, and Scientific Electronic Library Online databases. Thirty-eight articles containing definitions, characteristics, and care of oral mucositis were analyzed. Nurses publish little on the theme - just 13.1% of titles were found. Good oral hygiene (39.4%) is found to be the most efficient form of prevention. The first two treatments outstanding today are low power laser treatment (21.0%) and chlorhexidine gluconate 0.12% (18.4%). Mucositis requires active participation from the nurses working in pre-treatment to prevent and to prepare the patient through an individualized approach based on evidence.

Mucositis oral es un efecto indeseado que se destaca después de la terapéutica antineoplásica. Este trabajo buscó identificar evidencias de las acciones de prevención y tratamiento para mucositis oral inducida por quimioterapia y/o radioterapia que subsidien el cuidado de enfermería. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, exploratorio y cuantitativo realizado a través de revisión de la literatura, en el periodo de 1993 a 2007. Fueron consultadas las bases de datos Literatura Latinoamericana y de Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Biblioteca Cochrane y Scientific Electronic Library Online, siendo analizados 38 artículos sobre definiciones, características y cuidado con mucositis oral. Enfermeros publicaron poco, apenas 13,1% de las publicaciones estudiadas. Fue verificado que el mantenimiento de una buena higiene bucal (39,4%) es la forma más eficaz de prevención. El mejor tratamiento actual es el láser de baja potencia (21,0%), siguiéndose el gluconato de clorhexidina a 0,12% (18,4%). Las acciones de prevención y tratamiento para mucositis requiere participación activa de los enfermeros que actúan en la asistencia preterapeutica, previniendo y preparando el paciente a través de enfoque individualizado basado en evidencias.

Eficacia del extracto de Vimang en la estomatitis subprótesica Grado I / Efficacy of Vimang extract in Grade I Subprosthetic Stomatitis

Se realizó un ensayo clínico terapéutico (fase III) en la consulta de Prótesis de la Clínica Estomatológica Provincial Docente de Santiago de Cuba, con el objetivo de evaluar la eficiencia de la terapia antiinflamatoria con extracto de Vimang, sobre la mucosa afectada por estomatitis subprótesis grado I en portadores de prótesis con bases acrílicas. Se seleccionaron 100 pacientes, de los cuales 80 cumplieron los requisitos y recibieron nuestros servicios de octubre del 2005 a marzo del 2006. Se dividieron aleatoriamente en 2 grupos, uno estudio y otro control, con 40 cada uno. Los pacientes mostraron preocupaciones estéticas. Al primer grupo se le indicaron enjuagatorios del extracto de infusión de Vimang hasta su curación; al segundo grupo la regresión espontánea; se retiró la prótesis en el horario nocturno. Se evaluaron a los 3, 5 y 7 días para ver su curación y reacciones adversas, tiempo que correspondió con el concebido para la investigación. Para la validación estadística de los datos, se utilizó el test Chi cuadrado con el 95 por ciento de confiabilidad. Se obtuvo como resultado la curación de la lesión a los 5 días en la mayoría de los pacientes y manifestaciones astringentes. Se evidenció la eficacia de la terapia con Vimang en forma de infusión, por lo que se recomienda su uso a largo plazo(AU)

A therapeutic clinical trial (phase III) was conducted in the Prosthesis Department of the Provincial Dental Clinic of Santiago de Cuba aimed at evaluating the efficacy of the antiinflammatory therapy with Vimang extract on the mucosa affected by grade I subprosthesis stomatitis in individuals wearing prostheses with acrylic bases. 100 patients were selected. 80 of them met our requirements and received our services from October 2005 to March 2006. They were divided at random into 2 groups of 40 patients each: a control group and a study group. The patients were worried about aesthetics. The first group was indicated mouthwashes with Vimang infusion extract until they cured. In the second group, spontaneous regression, the prosthesis was removed at night. They were evaluated at 3, 5 and 7 days to check their cure and adverse reactions. This time corresponded to the time devoted to the investigation. Chi square test with 95 percent of confidence was used for the statistical validation of data. Most of the patients cured on the 5th day and astringent manifestations were observed. As the efficacy of the therapy with Vimang infusion was proved, its use on the long term was recommended(AU)

The optimal use of granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor in radiation induced mucositis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of response of granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) on acute radiation toxicity profile in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Thirty three patients with proven stage I or II head &neck carcinoma received conventional external beam radiation therapy. Out of these, six patients received postoperative adjuvant therapy while remaining 27 received definitive RT. Patients were given 100 mcg GM-CSF subcutaneously per day along with radiation after they developed grade 2 mucositis and /or grade 2 dysphagia and / or complained of moderate pain. GM-CSF was administered till there was a subjective relief or objective response. Patients were evaluated for oral ulceration, swallowing status, pain and weight loss. Response to the treatment and patient outcome was assessed. RESULTS: There was a decreased severity of mucositis and dysphagia in the evaluated patients. None of the patients suffered severe pain or required opioids. The mean weight loss was only 1.94%. Minimal side effects were experienced with GM-CSF. CONCLUSIONS: GM-CSF reduces the severity of acute side effects of radiation therapy thereby allowing completion of the treatment without interruption. Its remarkable response needs to be evaluated further in large randomized trials. The time of initiation and cessation of GM-CSF during radiation therapy and the required dose needs to be established.